Robin Hood 2010 film Wikipedia

In the early 20th century Robin Hood migrated from the page to the cinema, and the tale was reinvented and retold time and again with stars like Douglas Fairbanks, Errol Flynn, Sean Connery, and Daffy Duck all taking their turn in the lead role. In each version, glimmers of the original ballads and poems remain visible as each new version adds more to the legend of the Prince of Thieves. They deliver the news of Robin’s capture to him and are rewarded with money and titles. The sheriff is humiliated but survives the story, while Robin, Little John, and Much return to the forest with the forgiveness of the king.

• Because Hunter and other 19th-century historians discovered many different records attached to the name Robin Hood, most scholars came to agree that there was probably no single person in the historical record who inspired the popular stories.
• Not much of Robin’s career is known, but nowhere in the chronicles is Maid Marion mentioned, so we must assume she was ‘added’ to the stories at a later date.
• The origins of the legend as well as the historical context have been debated for centuries.
• Not until John Major’s “History of Greater Britain” (1521), for example, is he depicted as a follower of King Richard, one of his defining characteristics in modern times.

The theme of the free but persecuted outlaw enjoying the forbidden hunting of the forest and outwitting or killing the forces of law and order naturally appealed to the common people. In the 19th century, the Robin Hood legend was first specifically adapted for children. Children’s editions of the garlands were produced and in 1820, a children’s edition of Ritson’s Robin Hood collection was published. The character of Robin in these first texts is rougher edged than in his later incarnations. After becoming an outlaw Robin gathered his Merry Men including Little John, Will Scarlet, Will Stutely, Much the Miller’s Son, Friar Tuck, Alan a Dale, the bride, George a Greene, Wat O’ the Crabstaff, Arthur a Bland, Gilbert with the White Hand, David of Doncaster and sometimes Maid Marian.

This tale, recounts the adventures of a courageous outlaw named Robin Hood, who skilfully took from the wealthy to help the less fortunate. New bits are added to legends as they’re retold over the years, but the main point of the story never changes. Warin de Wolcote was a parasite on society, and Henry did everyone a favour when he marched into Sherwood Forest, dragged him to Northampton and stuck his head on the city gates. In retaliation, Fulk kicked John in the stomach, and when John went crying to his father, it was John who was beaten for complaining. On the death of his father in 1197, Fulk took over his ancestral holding at Whittington; but when John came to power, he gave the honour to Fulk’s old enemy, Morys fitzRoger. Fulk reacted by murdering Morys and fleeing into outlawry, where he levied war against John and his agents for 3 years. This is the only possible original bearing the name of Robin Hood who is know to have been an outlaw (there are other Hoods in Wakefield, but none of them seem to have been fugitives).

Robin Hood and his Historical Context

Get HISTORY’s most fascinating stories delivered to your inbox three times a week. In London, King John reneges on his promise to sign the charter and declares Robin an outlaw to be hunted throughout the kingdom. The Sheriff of Nottingham announces the decree, and Robin and his men flee to Sherwood Forest with the orphans of Nottingham. Marian narrates their new life in the greenwood, noting that they live in equality as they riches of robin slot right the many wrongs in the kingdom of King John. Speaking now for Sir Walter, Robin proposes that King John agree to a charter of rights to ensure the rights of every Englishman and to unite his country. Realising Godfrey’s deception, and knowing he must meet the French invasion with an army, the King agrees. Robin and the northern barons arrive to stop Godfrey’s men, but not before Godfrey has slain the blind Sir Walter.

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Now having returned to Nottingham after spending many years in London, she wonders if Robin remembers her. He introduces Robin Hood and Little John, who live in Sherwood Forest, robbing from the rich and giving to the overtaxed townsfolk of Nottingham. Sir Hiss had hypnotized Prince John’s brother, King Richard, to fight in the third crusade, allowing Prince John to take the throne as de facto King. Prince John is greedy and immature, even sucking his thumb whenever his mother is mentioned.

HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Articles with the “HISTORY.com Editors” byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen and Christian Zapata. Meanwhile, the Cardinal approaches a vengeful Will and offers him the chance to claim the power vacuum in Nottingham if he is loyal to the church.

After chasing Godfrey away, Robin takes advantage of the situation impersonating the dead English knights to return to England. Before they depart to sail across the Channel, he promises a dying knight, Sir Robert Loxley, to return his sword to his father in Nottingham. Further indications of the legend’s connection with West Yorkshire (and particularly Calderdale) are noted in the fact that there are pubs called the Robin Hood in both nearby Brighouse and at Cragg Vale; higher up in the Pennines beyond Halifax, where Robin Hood Rocks can also be found. There is a village in West Yorkshire called Robin Hood, on the A61 between Leeds and Wakefield and close to Rothwell and Lofthouse.

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When Little John consults his leader for guidance on whom to beat, rob, and kill, Robin Hood provides him with a code divided along the lines of rich and poor. On the other hand, the Merry Men were allowed to “beat and bind” bishops, archbishops, and, above all, the loathed Sheriff of Nottingham. In the Gest the type of villains has widened to include more figures at odds with the lower classes. Awaking to find their ship arrived in the Thames estuary, Robin must continue to assume the identity of Loxley to inform the royal family of King Richard’s death.

Version

The monk is a corrupt figure who violates the sanctity of the church by betraying Robin’s presence to the sheriff. Robin Hood is a 2018 American action-adventure film directed by Otto Bathurst and written by Ben Chandler and David James Kelly, from a story by Chandler. It is a quasi-contemporary retelling of the Robin Hood legend, and follows his training by John to steal from the Sheriff of Nottingham. The film stars Taron Egerton as Robin, and features Jamie Foxx, Ben Mendelsohn, Eve Hewson, Tim Minchin and Jamie Dornan in supporting roles.

The man then introduces himself as Yahya — which he says can be translated to "John" — and proposes that he and Robin work to end the war by stealing back the money taken from the people to fund the church’s conflict. Marian seeks Robin upon learning that he is alive, but he’s advised by John not to tell her of his plans for her own protection. The Sheriff of Nottingham also had jurisdiction in Derbyshire that was known as the "Shire of the Deer", and this is where the Royal Forest of the Peak is found, which roughly corresponds to today’s Peak District National Park. The Royal Forest included Bakewell, Tideswell, Castleton, Ladybower and the Derwent Valley near Loxley. The Sheriff of Nottingham possessed property near Loxley, among other places both far and wide including Hazlebadge Hall, Peveril Castle and Haddon Hall. Mercia, to which Nottingham belonged, came to within three miles of Sheffield City Centre.

In the 19th century, writer-illustrators like Howard Pyle adapted the traditional tales for children, popularizing them in the United States and around the world. More recently, bringing Robin to the silver screen has become a rite of passage for directors ranging from Michael Curtiz and Ridley Scott to Terry Gilliam and Mel Brooks. Davis indicates that there is only one church dedicated to Mary Magdalene within what one might reasonably consider to have been the medieval forest of Barnsdale, and that is the church at Campsall. The church was built in the early twelfth century by Robert de Lacy, the 2nd Baron of Pontefract.[148][149] Local legend suggests that and Maid Marion were married at the church. In the decades following the publication of Ritson’s book, other ballad collections would occasionally publish stray Robin Hood ballads Ritson had missed. In 1806, Robert Jamieson published the earliest known Robin Hood ballad, Robin Hood and the Monk in Volume II of his Popular Ballads and Songs From Tradition. In 1846, the Percy Society included The Bold Pedlar and Robin Hood in its collection, Ancient Poems, Ballads, and Songs of the Peasantry of England.

But before the Law of the Normans was the Law of the Danes, The Danelaw had a similar boundary to that of Mercia but had a population of Free Peasantry that were known to have resisted the Norman occupation. Many outlaws could have been created by the refusal to recognise Norman Forest Law.[158] The supposed grave of Little John can be found in Hathersage, also in the Peak District. The 1976 British-American film Robin and Marian, starring Sean Connery as Robin Hood and Audrey Hepburn as Maid Marian, portrays the figures in later years after Robin has returned from service with Richard the Lionheart in a foreign crusade and Marian has gone into seclusion in a nunnery. This is the first in popular culture to portray King Richard as less than perfect. Once Robin and his band of Merry Men had been pardoned Marian married him just as she had promised to do once he and his men had been pardoned by the King. Robin was killed by either the betrayal of his own prioress cousin sometimes with her lover Sir Roger of Doncaster, by a "faithless friar" as per A True Tale of Robin Hood, or according to Robin Hood and the Valiant Knight by a monk after being badly wounded by the knight Sir William.